Which oscilloscope should i buy

Which oscilloscope should i buy. The Used Equipment web is currently available in English only and pricing is in USD for the United States. Bandwidth: 70-200MHz 2. Oscilloscope probes. Part dinosaur, part virtual synth, Diva is the ideal solution for mixing and matching classic Jan 1, 2024 · For a quick answer, the below Hantek is a perfect, all-round oscilloscope to handle 99% of tasks at work, at home, in the lab, or tech situations. Connect the probe to channel 1 of the oscilloscope by matching the probe wire and scope channel colors. Aug 19, 2023 · The bandwidth tells you how much of the higher-frequency components will be measured accurately and the sample rate tells you how often the signal will be measured in a given time. Connect the Probe and Turn the Scope On. Rigol DS1054Z Digital Oscilloscope. Oscilloscope software. If you are looking to buy an oscilloscope as an actual tool, get an inexpensive USB oscilloscope (for audio application, you don't need high bandwidth). Bandwidth tends to increase in multiples of 100 after that point, then multiples of 1GHz after the 1GHz mark. 4 out of 5 stars I've been given a Tektronix 2445A (150Mhz) oscilloscope, without probes. The above one from the Rigol brand is a very beginner oscilloscope with 50MHz bandwidth and 2 channels. USB 3. I'm thinking that it may come in handy down the road, and in the worst case scenario, I could tear it apart to possibly learn something or May 26, 2013 · Here is where the oscilloscope is handy. Which sort of suggests a 100MHz, two channel storage scope will do just about most things that are affordable. I am now thinking about two OWON SDS5032E 30MHZ 250MS/s $300, and SainSmart DDS140 PC-Based 40MHZ 200MS/s $120. prayag2010. If you turn an FFT on an oscilloscope on and look at the "base line" noise (which still can be different than when a signal is applied and timing/voltage noise in the track and holds increases), you can see an FFT that will have spikes near the power Jul 26, 2019 · Select the largest Max Memory Depth and you’re set. Easy to do. Take your BNC cable and connect one end to the trigger out port on your scope. Watch TV with it. Sort by. A scope IS a necessity for any non-trivial electronics work, and will help you learn. Jan 1, 2024 · PicoScopes stand out for their versatile triggering options, intuitive software tools, and user-friendly interfaces, making them ideal for a wide range of applications from electronics troubleshooting to automotive diagnostics. Edit: A review I've found It seems to be somewhat usable if you work around its limitations, but what do you expect, it's $25. Rohde & Schwarz oscilloscope have outstanding features like e. Jan 12, 2019 · If you want to buy a scope, buy a scope. 100MHz. Joined Jan 10, 2010. measured requency at least. 4-inch color screen for displaying information. To measure an AC signal that goes up to 1 million times a second, you need an oscilloscope with a bandwidth of at least one million times a second. It covers: Entry level oscilloscopes with bandwidths from 50 MHz to 1 GHz to suit budgets from introductory education to professional use, including comprehensive update possibilities, such as the R&S®RTC1000. I bought it because I am playing with several I2C sensors and IC's. measured frequency. This is a high-end digital oscilloscope with a high-bandwidth and high-resolution display, making it one of the best oscilloscopes for hobbyists. digital trigger, deep memory, frequency response analysis (Bode plot), real-time de-embedding, fast update rates, and unique low noise. Step 1 is to get a clear picture of the requirements and select an oscilloscope that fits best given the budget constraints. This oscilloscope is extremely light and portable. •. Jul 7, 2014 · Which oscilloscope to buy. 200MHz. Feb 1, 2011 · But if I had to buy now I would probably go for this: Oscilloscopes - Eleshop The 2*100Mhz one from owon is only 450. Name. 835. I need a LC meter (urgent) and oscilloscope for my projects but I can't decide if I should make one or just buy one. Have an oscilloscope. My first scope was a 2215. 5. Keysight Used oscilloscopes offers a wide range of industry leading pre-owned oscilloscopes, ranging from older generation Agilent oscilloscopes to the newest Keysight oscilloscopes To make this work, carry student id and a manual for the oscilloscope. In this table, we'll compare the specifications of the AD2 oscilloscope with three other PC-based oscilloscopes. Bandwidth - You should look for 50-100MHz. , then sure it'll work for that. Not only it including scope, muti-meter, recorder these function but also it is much more cost saving. Agreed. I’m in a physical chemistry grad program and we have a graveyard of probably 15 vintage oscilloscopes in my lab (can’t offer one though bc they’re not mine, sorry OP) 3 days ago · Cheap Oscilloscopes Comparison. Plus I want to measure salvaged circuit boards so device must have cable measurement. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Sometimes just as an "advanced multimeter". [deleted] • 10 yr. Dec 4, 2023 · Figure 1: A high-bandwidth scope is important when capturing a waveform with high-frequency components. 000 Hertz 2 MHz is 100 x Audioband If you have an Analog Dual Channel 2 MHz Scope, you have a very useful tool for normal audio. Supervisor said that I can get one. Either style of an oscilloscope is a fantastic diagnostic tool when troubleshooting a circuit. Mar 12, 2020 · That’s why oscilloscopes with high sampling rate and resolution are expensive. -- Keep in mind that I'm a relative beginner. judasblue • 10 yr. Feb 10, 2022 · Yeapook’s oscilloscope operates over 2 channels and has an analog bandwidth level of 100 MHz with a real-time sampling of 1 GSa/s. ago. Oscilloscopes capture and display incoming signals, allowing for in-depth study and analysis. Its advanced features and high-quality performance make it an excellent choice for professionals and enthusiasts alike. GameStop Moderna Pfizer Johnson & Johnson AstraZeneca Walgreens Best Buy Novavax SpaceX Tesla. The good parts are obvious: it's cheap, easy to replace, and doesn't take much room in the box. Have some patience here, some scopes take as long to boot up as an old PC. No information available. A 200MHz scope will show you that, but a 100MHz scope will disguise it At such frequencies construction techniques and probing techniques become important. Post subject: What oscilloscope probes should I buy? Posted: Feb Fri 01, 2013 3:52 am . Member: Joined: Oct Tue 23, 2012 10:02 pm Posts: Oct 15, 2013 · 1: €350 is too much for a Tek2440 unless it's in perfect condition and calibrated and you *want* one specifically. The DSO 138 DIY Oscilloscope Kit from Dorea is designed for beginners in electronics as well as for hobbyists. Yes, an analog oscilloscope can be used for high-frequency applications. Hantek DSO5102P Digital Storage Oscilloscope USB 100MHz Hantek DSO5202P 200 MHz 2CH Digital Oscilloscope, 1GSa/s Hantek 1008C PC USB 8CH Automotive Diagnostic Digital Bandwidth. The coolest thing I've done with mine so far is tune I2C pullups by watching the init sequence with my DSO. To add to this, chemistry departments (chemistry, Chem Eng, etc) may also be worth reaching out to. 0" Display. Features include: Bandwidth of a 100MHZ. I strongly agree. Therefor, I'm thinking about buying a new, handheld oscilloscope. Clear All. g. Things to be aware of: Mar 3, 2013 · Author Topic: Should I buy an oscilloscope ? (Read 23694 times) 0 Members and 1 Guest are viewing this topic. Sep 10, 2020 · A mixed signal oscilloscope is a digital storage oscilloscope with additional functionality that integrates logic analyser capabilities. This is why most people buy the ready to use OBD readers like Scotty shows in his videos. (2) Sampling Rate - the higher the sampling rate, the higher frequency signals you can observe. Is it worth it? Older oscope like that than new siglents and other? Feb 22, 2005 · What else am I going to do, buy vintage Bordeaux and watch them age? Our tastes have just changed! I built 3 scopes when I was seriously into ham radio -- a TEK535 would have cost about $700 to $1000 back then -- there are no remnants from the first one which used (if I recall correctly) a 2BP1-11 with vacuum tube amplifiers. Rise Time = 0. Jan 5, 2024 · Top Pick. high rf - where being married to Bill Gates would come in handy. 4% signal change. Title. 8" TFT Handheld Digital Oscilloscope Kit Portable Automotive Oscilloscope, 2. The only problem is that this thing is really big, and it's often kinda overkill when it comes to measuring arduino signals. It’s a 4 channel scope and its a great buy for the money. For example, you might be using analog equipment which would be higher, but digital audio is gonna max out at 192khz, which is significantly less than 20 mhz. DORHEA DSO Oscilloscope Kit. Aug 17, 2023 · Hello, should i buy a Lecroy 9354M for 150USD ? It is propably fully functioning, i thought about buying something more expensive, siglent sds1102cml including 2 probes, it's newer, but they go for 100 more than that lecroy. They also lack advanced features like signal analysis and data storage. May 11, 2021 · Looking for the right oscilloscope for your electronics projects or professional endeavors? This guide provides a clear framework to identify the oscilloscope that best aligns with your requirements, whether you're a seasoned engineer, a student, or an electronics hobbyist. jonascrala. 0 connected and powered. Will do 98% of what any fancy UHF oscilloscope will do for you. When it comes to the display interface, it features a 7-inch LCD touch screen with a resolution of 800 x 480 pixels, for clear and convenient viewing. Despite its age, in the world of virtual analog synthesizers, Diva easily makes the top three, and even in the realm of the best VST plugins ever created, Diva would likely be ranked in the top five to top 10. The sampling rate should be more than twice the highest frequency you want The Oscilloscope I am using is the Siglent SDS1104X-E. Almost certainly useless if you don't need more than the 4 channels the Rigol gives you (that's enough for SPI or two I2C busses, I had reason to look at QSPI which needs 6 channels at 100MHz). That way there will be no chance of getting the wrong probe. What to look for when choosing an oscilloscope. I'd eventually like to get into HV work - van der graaf generators, tesla coils, accelerators. The Rohde & Schwarz oscilloscope portfolio includes solutions for both general purpose measurements and specific industry standards. Mar 28, 2009 · 2,528. 3: For audio work, imvho, being able to visualise the spectral content is more important than seeing waveforms in the time domain. I generally have a bad opinion about PC scopes - for me, the physical interface of a real freestanding oscilloscope is just more comfortable. I've carried oscopes and lots of scientific equipment on checked luggage in planes. You might find a 150MHz or 200MHz scope on an odd day. Select up to 6 products Compare () Prev. If you are planning to travel with the oscilloscope, a portable version with extra protection and the Instead of buying something that gets outperformed by your calculator, i'd go for an USB oscilloscope like the ISDS2XX/X series and watch some reviews beforehand. An oscilloscope is a fairly sensitive measurement device. 2: the Tek 2440 has really slow acquisition. Although this 3X multiplying factor would not apply to digital applications based on clock rates, it still applies to analog applications, such as modulated RF. Rigol 1054 or Siglent 1104 are good for hobbyists. There are high enough quality while still not actually impossible/expensive to buy. You can make it 100MHz with a little trick you can find on YouTube. Joined Jul 7, 2014 Messages 605 Points 63 Location Pune. The Hantek 2C42 is a digital oscilloscope that includes a multimeter, making it a perfect tool for electronics professionals. They can do local pickup on eBay now. 200 MHz analog bandwidth. Analog oscilloscopes have a lower bandwidth and can introduce more noise into the signal. Best Buy. If you want a scope but don't know why, you might be a candidate for a used analog scope. The bandwidth should up to 5 times of Max. Jan 1, 2024 · Diva by u-he – Best Premium Option. When the scope boots up you should see the divisions, scale, and a noisy, flat line of a waveform. Below is the brief info: 1. So again , the answer depends on exactly what you wish to accomplish. Hantek 2C42. Look for the replacement part #, then go to the manufacture of the probes, to see if you can buy them. Jan 24, 2014 · Hello, I have been wanting a scope for a while now for projects since the lab is not available to us all the time and only once a weak, should I buy a scope or not. My oscilloscope has only a 250Vpk input rating and can only reliably read up to about 100Vpk, so I would at least need a 1:10 probe. Portability. FNIRSI DSO152 Oscilloscope - 2. Specifications: Bandwidth:50 MHz. Mar 4, 2013 · Hi! I'm a proud owner of a fully working Tektronix oscilloscope from the late 70s. It includes a logic analyzer, 2 channel scope and a function generator. 1 G samples per second. sample rate: up to 500 MSa/s. Play some cords and harmonics. For applications such as audio, noise, vibration, and monitoring sensors (temperature, current, pressure), an eight-bit oscilloscope is often not suitable, so you should consider 12- or 16-bit alternatives. Regarding the bandwidth, it depends on the Max. In contrast, the oscilloscope may produce inaccurate results due to aliasing if the capture rate is too fast. 100,000 waveforms per second. Member: Joined: Oct Tue 23, 2012 10:02 pm Posts: I originally wanted a bench oscilloscope but ended up buying a PC-based scope (a Picoscope, bottom of the range, only about £100 at the time). 512 MS buffer memory. If you ground your oscilloscope lead to a high voltage, then the 'scope chassis will be energized at that voltage posing a great danger. 10. Connect your probe to the first channel on your scope, and turn it on. #11. The oscilloscope needs to have the processing power to store the signal and retrieve it for display on the Grab an electric guitar and hook it up to the oscope. From general purpose test to solutions for specific industry standards, we have you covered. If you buying your first go for the 4 channels. It has a bandwidth of 50 MHz and two channels, making it suitable for measuring signals in a range of electronic applications. Reset. It features an ARM Cortex-M3 processor and a 2. Results. medium rf - where a rich uncle comes in handy. Sort and Filter. Anyway, oscilloscope front ends look at the entire spectrum (0 to Nyquist) at the same time. ) If only your usually mains power 'scope is isolated, when you connect it to a device, its chassis will become mains referenced at that voltage. A 100MHz oscilloscope is pointless for oscilloscope music, It'll cause more issues with noise pickup from bad cables. I have a labnation smart scope, it's really inexpensive and is of decent quality. As a rule of thumb, use the following formula to figure out the bandwidth of your signal based on its rise time (defined as the time taken to transition from 10 to 90 percent of signal amplitude). Connect the ground lead to the ground terminal. Sep 24, 2013. Even a $70 Hantek 6022BE is more helpful for firmware debugging than an old analog scope. Jan 25, 2022 · Cheaper is not always better, you can take a look at the Top 5 Budget Hobbyist Oscilloscopes 2021 if you are under a tight budget. The Hantek DSO5102P Oscilloscope is our top pick and one of the best entry-level oscilloscopes as it has a reasonable price and all the features one would expect for a dual-channel oscilloscope at this price point. No filters available. Aug 25, 2020 · How much bandwidth do you need? For purely analog signal measurements, you should choose an oscilloscope that has a bandwidth specification at least three times higher than the highest sine wave frequencies that you might need to measure. . If you do buy on eBay, get a calibrated one from a reputable seller who knows how to pack these items for shipment. Memory Depth. Hantek DSO5102P – An excellent all-around oscilloscope. We are highlighting this upfront, so most people dont waste their time reading further 🙂. The bandwidth of 100 MHz * 2 and resolution of 10 ns make FNIRSI 1014D ideal for the hobbyist who wants a wide dynamic For measuring voltage, a basic multimeter can also be purchased on Amazon for relatively little money. "If you have a $10 head, buy Hi. Siglent Technologies SDS1052DL+ 50 MHz Digital Storage Oscilloscope. Mar 2, 2018 · Most "high" impedance *10 scope probes with a 6"/15cm ground lead self-oscillate at ~100MHz. I bought mine for 350 dollars. If you're just starting out, those are what I would buy and save up for better tools that you may decide you want to upgrade to in the future like an oscilloscope, more development boards, or breakout boards for various motors and sensors. Now if you just want to monitor simple stuff like ignition timing, injector pulses, vehicle speed sensor signals etc. derwhalfisch • 10 yr. Actually, you can choose a handheld oscilloscope. It's a very handy tool to debug code. Mar 2, 2013 · Definitely yes - even an old, cheap/free analogue one is a lot better than nothing. Go to arrow, buy a rigol ds1054z and if you create a new account you get a discount. It actually combines 1 channel oscilloscope with an 8-bit digital logic analyzer, so you're getting a good set of features. Crypto Low rf - where a scope higher than a basic 10MHz bandwidth comes in handy. There are lies, damned lies, statistics - and ADC/DAC specs. Business, Economics, and Finance. I'm looking at a Tektronix 310A for $50 CAD (33 EUR or $37 USD). Basically, an oscilloscope will allow you to analyze your circuits in a way that a multimeter will not, but you dont need an oscilloscope as a fresh newbie. I friend of mine has it and he likes it very much. 4 out of 5 stars 173 Double check me though because I don’t know 100%. Promotions. Crypto The only real advantage on paper I see for the discovery is the 14bit ADC (which is pretty much for an oscilloscope, and high resolution ADC are mostly a thing for more higher-end oscilloscopes), but in most applications thats not really needed and the 8 or 10 bit ADC of the most modern DSO should be enough. Build quality: well, it's twenty-five bucks and turns a profit for someone, so don't expect mechanical parts to be particularly great (pushbuttons Edit for the downvoters I just bought two of these at an auction for $25. Some models will also perform an FFT, giving measurements in the frequency domain. The voltage rating of your oscilloscope/probe input should be easily capable of handling QRP power levels. Nov 14, 2023 · An oscilloscope allows you to see and analyze the signals you're working with in electronics, helping with precision and decision-making. 1 GS/s real-time sampling. Works very well. When buying a digital oscilloscope, there are a few things to consider: (1) Analog Bandwidth - the higher the bandwidth, the higher frequency signals you can observe. If you need an oscilloscope that can do it all with a broad range of capabilities, then the MSOS804A Infiniium is the only oscilloscope you need. Screw down firmly on the probe so it makes a good connection with Channel 1. *Amazon lists the PCSGU250 (Velleman) as $212 at regular price. By considering the type of signal you will be measuring and the desired accuracy level, you can ensure you purchase an oscilloscope with an appropriate waveform capture rate. This is partially true, though. 5MS/s High Sampling Rate, 200KHz Bandwidth, Trigger Function Auto/Nomal/Single 4. Used Oscilloscopes. I would suggest that you buy an oscilloscope when you feel you are ready. Thread starter amit11; Start date Sep 24, 2021; amit11 Well-Known Member. Should I buy Keysight (Looking at Keysight because I made the experience that buying from a “top brand” is be the best decision long term) Its cool that you can buy a upgrade to up to 200Mhz but it feels weird to buy something that is software limited. I've taken electronics projects in my carry-on several times and brought information like that to ease my nerves, never actually needed it, jwstark • 12 yr. What you should do is get the Manual in a PDF if you can find it and download it. About LC meter , I actually have a multimeter which has LC meter feature but it's not easy to use & accurate . The price you pay, though, is limited range both in voltage and frequency, you only get a single trace. 16-channel logic analyzer (MSO models) Arbitrary waveform generator. I Don't have such high budget, maximum 200$ I've been kooking for the dso nano v1, a cheap (~60$) oscilloscope with only Jun 19, 2023 · Nothing has really changed here in the past 5-10 years, just search for the dozens of "which oscilloscope should I buy" threads and read those, there is no need to start yet another one. Most scopes have two different sampling rates (also called modes): real-time sampling. Prices for other countries will vary. A 5W QRP power output into 50-ohms is a 45V peak-peak sinewave which is not an enormous voltage by any means. Very happy with it, I use it regularly. It looks like it might fit in a large flat rate box. Contributor; Posts: 19; Country: Feb 26, 2024 · 1. The 2-channel design offers 250MSa/s single channel and 125MSa/s dual-channel sampling rates, which is perfect for testing signals with low frequency. On the other hand, your PC being an oscilloscope can be a dealbreaker when it comes to further data processing (saving traces, automatic measurements). There are: Post subject: What oscilloscope probes should I buy? Posted: Feb Fri 01, 2013 3:52 am . One that works with Sigrok and Pulseview. Hantek2D72 3-in-1 70 MHz Oscilloscope. Feb 21, 2020 · The second thing to look for when asking yourself how do I buy an oscilloscope is the sampling rate. I’m glad I did, it’s been really useful to be able to view it on a full size monitor especially for serial bus decoding, and to be able to immediately export the data and analyse it in more detail Post subject: What oscilloscope probes should I buy? Posted: Feb Fri 01, 2013 3:52 am . Jan 16, 2012 · Or I could buy a preamplifier that amplifies the signal at least 100 times (20dB) (i. The second is cheaper but I know it is not a proper oscilloscope, the Apr 19, 2017 · HANMATEK 110mhz Bandwidth DOS1102 Digital Oscilloscope with 2 Channels and Screen 7 inch / 18 cm, TFT-LCD Display, Portable Professional Oscilloscope Kit with 500 MS/s *2 Sampling Rate 4. e. When shopping for an oscilloscope, consider factors such as bit rates, sample rates, connectors, and probe types Jan 22, 2020 · Refer to your oscilloscope's manual. [deleted] • 3 yr. Number of Channels: 2. The only "oscilloscope amplifier" I have found is this one , which can amplify 1000 times but also cost about 1000 bucks. This user-friendly kit includes a small digital oscilloscope that is partly built for you. An oscope definitely helps with studying embedded. I still have it It was superseded by a Tek 2465B (4-channel, 400 MHz) that I fished out of the surplus pile at work and repaired. If a scope is going to make your life easier and/or increase your capabilities, you will be the first person to know it. 50-100MHz should do for most applications, because you want to be able to see flanks of signals which have a higher frequency than the signals themselves. Application notes. 1 yr. Owon costs half of that and has similar functionality/usage but may not be that friendly to use or have good support I went with Siglent SDS1104X-E. Aug 8, 2008 · audioband is 20. Quote. But the imagination and applications don't come with the scope. Logged. Hantek DSO5072P Digital Oscilloscope, 70 MHz Bandwidth, 1 GSa/s, 7. If anyone is interested, I might buy one and put some Sep 23, 2013 · killivolt. I have a new Rigol DS1054Z, so I've got my bases covered there. The sample rate Why You Should Buy the MSOS804A. mycatisanorange 1 yr. 6. 35 / Bandwidth. So direct connection of the probe to the dummy load is fine. 7-inch display at 800×480. I also have an Open Workbench Logic Sniffer. I'm Mechatronics student. As of March 12, 2020, the oscilloscope is marked down at $114. It packs 16 digital channels on MSO models and supports up to 100 probes, current and voltage, active and passive, 1 MΩ, and 50 Ω inputs. If you are doing other electronic projects as well, it might be worth investing $300-$400 in a decent oscilloscope. And then get a logic analyzer front end. Tektronix 310A oscilloscope. It's mentioned by another poster above, for $250. SainSmart DS212 Pocket Size Portable Handheld Mini Digital Storage Oscilloscope. While the “best” model depends on specific needs, our team likes the $165 version PicoScope 2204A-D2 (2-channel Jul 26, 2016 · Re: What oscilloscope Should I buy first time? « Reply #25 on: July 25, 2016, 11:12:27 pm » Timb, I thought I would need one to make sure there isn't any clipping and distortion of too much when testing my units after repair and restore because I don't do this kind of work very offtan and wanted to be sure I would not kill my speakers or my Jan 12, 2024 · Siglent SDS1052DL (Bandwidth: 50 MHz, Channels: 2) Siglent SDS1052DL is an oscilloscope that is designed for beginners and hobbyists. 0,39 microvolts is amplified to 39 microvolts). Member: Joined: Oct Tue 23, 2012 10:02 pm Posts: With eight-bit resolution, you can detect at best a 0. Supposedly it can sample the oscilloscope at 2GHz, and the digital logic analyzer channels at 200MHz. Mar 6, 2013 · I bought myself a Rigol DS1053E oscilloscope a couple of months ago. Your husband should be able to help with this stuff if you're pretty self guided setting up and running this stuff and he just needs to parachute in with a bit of advice and context - that's not a lot of time commitment for him, unlike it would be for him to do the groundwork as well. A DSO’s accuracy is not usually regarded as too important. This would easily be $40 to ship. Sep 24 I'd keep an eye out for a used Tektronix 2215 (2-channel, 60 MHz, analog). FNIRSI 1014D Digital Oscilloscope( 2 in 1 DDS Signal Generator) View on Amazon. Currently, almost all the electronics work I'm doing is fairly low voltage DC and low current Ham (~100Khz - 150 Mhz). Jun 26, 2013 · (1) Isolate the oscilloscope AND the device under test (DUT. Again, can't really give you a price point, but the knee of the price curve is in the low 100's of MHz. It costs around 120 euros. I’ve also got a complete write up on my picks for the top 3 oscilloscopes for first time buyers . equivalent-time sampling (or repetitive sampling) Nov 21, 2006 · Years ago, most oscilloscope vendors recommended that your scope’s bandwidth should be at least three times higher than the maximum signal frequency. 2. However, there are some limitations compared to digital oscilloscopes. In the warehouse of my university I found some deprecated oscilloscopes. Well it was free, but something like this needs a wide market. I got an oscilloscope when I was 14 and it served me extremely well. The sampling rate is what a digital oscilloscope uses to reconstruct the signal. Remember test gear generally holds value well. xc lp ua ga lf qa sj sq bv pp